Most owners are familiar with this process as it is the most widely used.  Plans and specifications are completed, then advertised for bids.  Contractors bid the project exactly as it is designed.

Typical Advantages

• Contractor cost commitment based on complete design documents
• Familiar delivery method with most team members
• Design and construction roles are separate and well defined, making both responsibility and liability relatively clear

Typical Disadvantages

• Cost is not firmly established until design is complete
• Gaps in design documents become potential delays or added change orders
• Linear process = longer schedule
• May require re-design or re-bidding to meet budget
• No Contractor input in early stage of project
• Adversarial relationships and the potential for litigation can develop between designers and contractor due to their separate contracts with the owner